To publish his final work, Galileo had to have the manuscript smuggled out of Italy to France and thence to Leiden for its first printing. A decade later, however, the publication of his Dialogo infuriated Urban VII, who found the astronomer guilty on suspicion of heresy, condemning him to house arrest where he would remain until his death. Early versions of Galileo's theories had brought him to the capital to defend himself in front of Pope Paul V, but this inquisition was eventually cast aside with the election of his friend Pope Urban VIII. These observations were deeply troubling for the Church. Galileo’s observations led to his 1632 book Dialogo sopra i due massimi sistemi del mondo (Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems), which disproved the Aristotelian geocentric model and bolstered, with greater physical evidence than any of its predecessors, the heliocentric model.
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